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Popular Search:Family Medicine
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  • Sections
  • Section 1: Family Medicine
    • Chapter 1: Hypertension (HTN)
      • Background
      • Epidemiology
      • Risk Factors
      • Etiology
      • Screening
      • History
      • Physical exam
      • Diagnostic Criteria
      • Blood Pressure Measurement Procedure
      • Hypertension Complications
      • Investigations
      • Treatment
      • Hypertension Treatment Goals
      • Resistant Hypertension
      • References
    • Chapter 2: Dyslipidemia
      • Background
      • Etiology of Dyslipidemia
      • Clinical Presentation
      • Screening for Dyslipidemia
      • Management of Dyslipidemia
      • Lifestyle management
      • Hypertriglyceridemia
      • When to refer to secondary care
      • Conclusion
      • References
    • Chapter 3: Diabetes
      • Classification
      • Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 (DM1)
      • Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DM2)
      • Monogenic Diabetes
      • Gestational diabetes (GDM)
        • Complications
      • Screening for diabetes (Table 3.3 and Table 3.4)
      • Diagnosis of Diabetes (Table 3.5)
      • Prediabetes
      • Prevention of DM2
      • Lifestyle modification
      • Glycemic Targets and Assessment of Glycemic Control
      • Pharmacologic Therapy for DM2
      • Immunizations and Diabetes
      • Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management
      • Hypoglycemia (Table 25)
      • References
    • Chapter 4: Periodic Health Maintenance and Immunization
      • Disease Prevention and Screening
      • Colorectal cancer screening
      • Well-adult Assessment
      • Premarital Counseling and Testing
      • Well-child Assessment
      • Immunization
      • References
    • Chapter 5: Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
      • Common Cold
      • Acute Pharyngitis
      • Epiglottitis
      • Retropharyngeal Abscess
      • References
    • Chapter 6: Cough
      • Background
      • Assessment
      • Investigations
      • Management (Table 6.2)
      • When to Refer
      • References
    • Chapter 7: Headache
      • Background
      • Differential Diagnosis
      • Assessment
      • Management
      • References
    • Chapter 8: Obesity
      • Background
      • Implications of Obesity
      • Benefits of Weight Loss
      • Statistics
      • Pathophysiology of Obesity
      • Etiology or Risk Factors for Obesity
      • Obesity Comorbidities in Children
      • Assessments of Obesity
      • Management
      • References
    • Chapter 9: Anemia
      • Background
      • Assessment
      • Investigations
      • Management
      • References
    • Chapter 10: Smoking Cessation Management
      • Smoking Cessation Management   
      • References
  • Section 2: Internal Medicine
    • Chapter 1: Epilepsy
      • Background
      • Etiology
      • Seizure Categories
      • Evaluation
      • Differential diagnosis for seizure disorders (Table 1.2)
      • Management
      • Comorbidities and complications
      • Prognosis
      • Role of Family Physicians
      • References
    • Chapter 2: Approach to Dyspnea
      • Background
      • Assessment
      • Acute Dyspnea
      • Chronic Dyspnea
      • Investigations
      • Management of Chronic Dyspnea
      • Indications for Referral
      • References
    • Chapter 3: CNS infections
      • Encephalitis
      • Guillain -Barré Syndrome (GBS)
      • Meningitis
      • References
    • Chapter 4: Bruising and Bleeding Disorders
      • Bleeding Disorders
      • Hematological Malignancies and Myeloproliferative Disorders
      • References
    • Chapter 5: Arthritis
      • Osteoarthritis
      • Rheumatoid Arthritis
      • Connective Tissue Diseases
      • Crystal Arthritis
      • Spondyloarthritis
      • Lyme Disease
      • Systemic Vasculitis
      • References
    • Chapter 6: Asthma
      • Background
      • Epidemiology
      • Pathophysiology
      • Diagnosis
      • Physical Examination
      • Investigations
      • Differential Diagnosis
      • Common Conditions That May Affect Asthma Control
      • Assessing Asthma Control and Severity
      • Management
      • Patient-doctor Partnership
      • Asthma Monitoring and Follow Up
      • Asthma COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS)
      • Asthma and Pregnancy
      • Occupational Asthma (OA)
      • Acute Asthma
      • When to Refer
      • Red Flags
      • References
    • Chapter 7: Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
      • Acute Bronchitis
      • Pneumonia
      • References
    • Chapter 8: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
      • Background
      • Prevalence
      • Assessment
      • Differential Diagnosis
      • Investigations (Table 8.3)
      • Management
      • Screening
      • References
    • Chapter 9: Chest Pain
      • Background
      • Differential Diagnosis (Table 9.1)
      • History
      • Physical Examination
      • Chest Pain Risk Stratification
      • Investigations
      • Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
      • Chronic Coronary Syndromes
      • References
    • Chapter 10: Heart Failure
      • Background
      • Definitions and Classifications
      • Pathophysiology
      • Etiology of Heart Failure
      • Clinical Presentation
      • Heart Failure Criteria – Classification/Staging
      • Heart failure Workup
      • Heart Failure Management
      • References
    • Chapter 11: Cardiac Arrhythmias
      • General Approach
      • General Approach to Bradyarrhythmias
      • General Approach to Tachyarrhythmias
      • Bradyarrhythmias
      • Narrow-complex Tachycardias
      • Wide-complex Tachyarrhythmias
      • Arrhythmias Associated With Conduction Abnormalities
      • References
    • Chapter 12: Thyroid and Parathyroid Disorders
      • Hypothyroidism
      • Hyperthyroidism (Table 12.3)
      • Thyroid Disorders in Pregnancy
      • Thyroid Nodules (Figure 12.2)
      • Thyroid Cancer
      • Hyperparathyroidism
      • Hypoparathyroidism
      • References
    • Chapter 13: Pituitary and Adrenal Disorders
      • Hyperprolactinemia
      • Cushing's Disease
      • Primary Hyperaldosteronism (Conn's Syndrome)
      • Pheochromocytoma
      • References
    • Chapter 14: Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
      • Background/Definition
      • Acute Simple Cystitis Infection
      • Acute Complicated UTI/Pyelonephritis
      • Asymptomatic Bacteriuria
      • References
    • Chapter 15: Gastric Disease
      • Dyspepsia
      • Chronic Gastritis and Peptic Ulcer Disease
      • Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Induced Ulcer
      • Gastroparesis
      • Dumping Syndrome
      • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
      • Barrett’s Esophagus (BE)
      • Upper GI Malignancies
      • Pancreatic Cancer
      • References
    • Chapter 16: Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIA)
      • Stroke
      • Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
      • Primary Prevention of Stroke/TIA
      • Secondary Prevention of Stroke/TIA
      • References
    • Chapter 17: Osteoporosis
      • Definition
      • Burden of Osteoporosis in Saudi Arabia
      • Assessment
      • Management
      • General Recommendations
      • Treatment of Patients with Established Osteoporosis
      • Follow Up
      • References
    • Chapter 18: Sexually Transmitted Infections
      • Sexually Transmitted Infections
      • Chlamydia Infection
      • Gonorrhea Infection
      • Syphilis
      • HIV and AIDS
      • References
    • Chapter 19: Hepatic Disorders
      • Elevated Liver Enzymes
      • Viral Hepatitis: Hepatitis A
      • Hepatitis B Virus
      • Hepatitis C Virus
      • Cirrhosis
      • Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
      • References
    • Chapter 20: Infectious Diseases
      • Seasonal Influenza
      • Tuberculosis (TB)
      • Malaria
      • Leishmaniasis
      • Foodborne Infections and Gastroenteritis
      • Giardiasis
      • Amoebiasis
      • Brucellosis
      • Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF)
      • Dengue Fever
      • Travel Medicine
      • References
    • Chapter 21: Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO)
      • Types of Fever of Unknown Origin (Table 21.1)
      • Differential Diagnosis
      • Risk Factors
      • Geriatric Essentials
      • Assessment (Figure 21.1)
      • Investigations
      • Management
      • References
    • Chapter 22: Neurology
      • Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
      • Neuralgia
      • Myasthenia Gravis (MG)
      • Paresthesia and Neuropathy
      • References
    • Chapter 23: Nephrology Hematuria, Acute Renal Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease
      • Hematuria
      • Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
      • Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
      • References
    • Chapter 24: Pulmonary
      • Hemoptysis
      • Fibrosing Alveolitis (Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis)
      • Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis (Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP)
      • Solitary Pulmonary Nodule (SPN)
      • References
  • Section 3: Pediatric
    • Chapter 1: Newborn Jaundice
      • Definition
      • Screening Recommendations
      • Risk factors (Table 1.1)
      • Classification of Newborn Jaundice (Table 1.2)
      • Causes and Differential Diagnosis
      • Evaluation of Hyperbilirubinemia
      • Prevention
      • References
    • Chapter 2: Dyspepsia in Children
      • Background
      • Assessment
      • Differential Diagnosis
      • Red Flags
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment of Reflux
      • References
    • Chapter 3: Emergencies in Children
      • Meningitis
      • Epiglottitis
      • Airway Foreign Body
      • Poisoning
      • References
    • Chapter 4: Neonatal Leg and Foot Abnormalities
      • Background
      • Common Pediatric Foot Conditions
      • In-toeing
      • Out-toeing
      • Toe Walking
      • Angular Variations Problems
      • Tips to Ensure Healthy Feet
      • References
    • Chapter 5: Congenital Heart Defects
      • Background
      • Acyanotic Congenital Heart Diseases
      • Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease
      • Still’s Murmurs
      • References
    • Chapter 6: Childhood Common Infectious Disease
      • Measles (Rubeola)
      • Rubella (German Measles/Three day Measles)
      • Scarlet Fever
      • Erythema Infectiosum (5th disease)
      • Roseola Infantum (Exanthema Subitum/6th disease)
      • Chickenpox (Varicella)
      • Hand-foot-and-mouth disease
      • Kawasaki Disease
      • Mumps
      • Pertussis
      • References
    • Chapter 7: Intellectual Disabilities
      • Cerebral Palsy (CP)
      • Down Syndrome (DS)
      • Fragile X Syndrome (FXS)
      • Williams Syndrome (WS)
      • Dyslexia
      • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
      • References
    • Chapter 8: Growth and Puberty Problems
      • Short Stature
      • Tall Stature
      • Growing Pains (Benign Nocturnal Limb Pain)
      • Muscular Dystrophy
      • References
    • Chapter 9: Approach to Cough in Children
      • Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTI)
      • Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis
      • Croup
      • Chronic Bronchitis or Protracted Bacterial Bronchitis
      • Breath Holding Spells
      • References
    • Chapter 10: Abdominal Pain in Children
      • Acute Abdominal Pain
        • Constipation
        • Acute Appendicitis
        • Intussusception
        • Mesenteric lymphadenitis
      • Recurrent Abdominal Pain
        • Functional Dyspepsia
        • Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
        • Abdominal Migraine
        • Functional Abdominal Pain - Not Otherwise Specified
        • Functional Constipation
      • References
    • Chapter 11: Diarrhea in Children
      • Background
      • Definitions
      • Clinical Assessment
      • Causes
      • Diagnosis
      • Management
      • References
    • Chapter 12: Infantile Colic
      • Background
      • Etiology
      • Clinical Assessment
      • Diagnosis
      • Management
      • References
    • Chapter 13: Pediatrics and Adolescents Musculoskeletal Pathologies
      • Spine Conditions
        • Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
        • Spondylolisthesis
      • Hip Conditions
        • Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)
        • Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
        • Transient Synovitis
        • Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
        • Hip Septic Arthritis
      • Knee Conditions
        • Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
        • Osgood Schlatter Disease
        • Sinding Larsen Johansson's Disease
        • Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD)
        • Stress Fractures
        • Bone Tumors
      • Elbow Conditions
        • Nursemaid’s Elbow
        • Medial Epicondyle Apophysitis
      • Foot Conditions
        • Sever’s Disease
        • Metatarsus Adductus
        • Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot)
        • Pes Planovalgus (Flat Feet)
        • Physeal Fractures (Growth Plate Fractures)
      • References
    • Chapter 14: Failure to Thrive and Developmental Delay
      • Background
      • Definition
      • Risk Factors
        • Psychosocial Risk Factors
        • Medical Risk Factors
      • Causes (Table 14.1)
      • Clinical Assessment
      • History
      • Physical Examination
      • Investigations
      • Management
      • Developmental Delay
        • Background
        • Risk Factors
        • Causes
        • Screening
        • Clinical Assessment
        • Investigations
        • Management
      • References
  • Section 4: Obstetric and Gynecology
    • Chapter 1: Obstetric Care
      • Prenatal Care
        • Initial Prenatal Visit
        • Assessment of Gestational Age
        • Initial Prenatal Visit Lab Tests
        • Physical Examination and Counseling
        • Counseling Topics in Pregnancy
          • Air Travel
          • Breastfeeding
          • Exercise
          • Seat Belt Use
          • Alloimmunization
          • Thyroid Testing
          • Infectious Diseases
          • Psychosocial Issues
      • Postpartum Care
        • Clinical Assessment
        • Follow Up Visit
        • Physical Examination
        • Counseling
      • References
    • Chapter 2: Breast Pain
      • Breast Pain (Mastalgia)
        • Classification
        • Clinical Assessment
        • Management
          • Cyclical Mastalgia
          • Prognosis
          • Non-cyclical Mastalgia
      • Costochondritis
        • Diagnosis
        • Management
      • Mastitis
        • Diagnosis
        • Management
      • Breast Abscess
        • Diagnosis
        • Management
      • Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC) or Mastitis Carcinomatosa
        • Diagnosis
        • Breast Imaging
        • Biopsy
        • Diagnostic Criteria
        • Management
      • References
    • Chapter 3: Lower Abdominal Pain in Females
      • Ectopic Pregnancy
        • Risk Factors
        • Clinical Assessment
        • Physical Examination
          • Acute Presentation
          • Chronic Presentation
        • Investigations
        • Ectopic Pregnancy Management
          • Expectant Management Criteria
          • Medical Management Criteria
          • Surgical Management Criteria
      • Endometriosis
        • Incidence
        • Risk Factors
        • Etiology
        • Sites of Endometriosis
        • Pathology
        • Differential Diagnosis
        • Assessment
        • Endometriosis Signs and Symptoms
        • Diagnosis and Investigation
        • Management
        • Follow-up and Monitoring if Confirmed Endometriosis
        • Referral Criteria From Primary Care
      • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
        • Risk Factors
      • Ovarian and Fallopian Tube Torsion
        • Pathophysiology
        • Risk Factors
        • Differential Diagnosis
        • Clinical Assessment
          • History
          • Physical Examination
          • Laboratory Findings
          • Imaging Studies
        • Diagnosis
        • Management
      • Rupture of an Ovarian Cyst
        • Epidemiology
        • Types of Cysts
        • Pathophysiology
        • Risk Factors
        • Differential Diagnosis
        • Clinical Assessment
        • Physical Examination
        • Investigations
        • Management (Figure 3.3)
        • Follow Up
        • Prevention
      • Intrauterine Adhesions (IUAs)
        • Definitions
        • Etiology
        • Risk Factors
        • Clinical Assessment
        • Diagnostic Evaluation
        • Investigations
        • Management
      • References
    • Chapter 4: Common Pregnancy Complaints
      • Early Pregnancy Bleeding
      • Miscarriage
        • Types of Miscarriage
        • Clinical Assessment
        • History
        • Physical Examination
        • Investigations
      • Threatened Abortion
        • Clinical Assessment
        • Diagnosis
        • Management
      • Inevitable Abortion
      • Incomplete Abortion
      • Complete Abortion
      • Missed Abortion
        • Diagnosis
        • Management
      • Septic Abortion
        • Clinical Presentation
        • Investigation
        • Management
      • Hydatidiform Mole
        • Etiology
        • Clinical Features
        • Examination
        • Diagnosis
        • Investigations
        • Management
        • Prognosis
      • Late Pregnancy Bleeding
        • Etiology
        • Risk Factors
      • Placenta Previa
        • Clinical Features
        • Diagnosis
        • Management
      • Abruptio Placenta
        • Definition
        • Etiology
        • Clinical Features
        • Assessment
        • Management
        • Prevention
      • Vasa Previa
        • Risk Factors
        • Clinical Feature
      • Preeclampsia
        • Pathophysiology
        • Definitions
        • Diagnostic Criteria for Preeclampsia
        • Clinical Assessment
        • Management
        • Postpartum Management of Preeclampsia
      • Diabetes in Pregnancy
        • Complications
        • Management of Preexisting Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in Pregnancy
      • Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)
        • Definition
        • Screening for GDM
        • GDM Diagnosis
        • GDM Management
          • Lifestyle Management
          • Pharmacological Therapy
        • Initiating Insulin in GDM
        • When to Refer?
        • Preeclampsia and Aspirin
        • Pregnancy and Drug Consideration
        • Postpartum Care and Recommendation
      • References
    • Chapter 5: Family Planning
      • Contraception Consultation and Non-hormonal Contraceptive Choices
        • Contraception Consultation
        • Contraception Choices
          • Reversible Contraception
          • Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC)
          • Permanent
          • Natural Family Planning (NFP)
          • Barrier Method of Contraception
        • An Essential Prerequisite is to Rule Out Pregnancy Before Initiation of Contraception
      • Contraception for Women Aged Over 40
      • Contraceptive Methods and Age-related Considerations
      • Combined Hormonal Contraception (CHC)
        • Choice of Contraception
      • Stopping Contraception
      • Combined Hormonal Contraception (CHC) 2
        • Combined Transdermal Patch (CTP)
        • Combined Vaginal Ring (CVR)
        • Possible Side Effects With CTP/CVR
      • Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill (COC)
        • Possible Side Effects
        • Non-contraceptive Benefits of CHC
        • Initiation of Combined Hormonal Contraception
        • Missed Pill Rule
        • Minimizing the Risk of Pregnancy
        • CHC Use and Follow Up
        • Key Indications for Medical Review
        • CHCs Use and Special Precautions
      • Progesterone Only Contraception
        • General Features Regarding Progesterone-only Contraception
        • Contraindications
        • Progesterone-only Methods are More Appropriate Then CHC
        • Progesterone Only Pill
        • Progesterone Side Effects
        • Missed Pill Rule
        • LARC (Long-Acting Reversible Contraception)
        • Progesterone Only Injection
        • Side Effects of Injectable Progesterone
        • Pearls
        • Red Flags
        • Progesterone Implant
        • SDI Mechanism of Action
        • Nexplanon Insertion Recommendations
        • DDI Benefits
        • Risks
        • Risks of Implant Insertion
        • Starting SDI
        • Pearls
        • Intrauterine Devices
        • Available IUDs
        • IUDs and Mechanism of Action
        • Complications and Precautions With IUD Insertion
        • Pearls
        • Mirena IUD
        • Mirena Use
        • LARC- Managing Intrauterine Contraception Problems
      • Emergency Contraception
        • Emergency Contraception Consultation
        • Clinical Follow Up
        • Pearls
      • References
    • Chapter 6: Common Gynecological Conditions
      • Amenorrhea
      • Primary Amenorrhea
        • Definition
        • Etiology
      • Secondary Amenorrhea
        • Definition
        • Etiology
        • Clinical Assessment
        • Investigations and Management
      • Overview of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
      • Dysmenorrhea
        • Primary Dysmenorrhea
        • Secondary Dysmenorrhea
        • Risk Factors for Dysmenorrhea
        • Risk Reduction for Dysmenorrhea
        • Causes of Secondary Dysmenorrhea
        • Clinical Assessment
        • Investigations
        • Management
      • Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB)
        • Definitions
        • Etiology
        • Clinical Assessment
        • Laboratory Testing and Imaging
        • Management
      • Overview of Uterine Fibroids
        • Differential Diagnosis
        • Assessment
        • Investigations
        • Complications
        • Management
        • Fibroids in Pregnancy
      • Overview of Abnormal Bleeding Associated with Hormonal Contraception
        • Clinical Assessment
        • The Expected Bleeding Pattern in Different Contraceptives and Management
      • Vaginitis
        • Causes of Vaginitis
        • Clinical Assessment
      • Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)
        • Risk Factors
        • Physical Examination and Diagnosis
        • Treatment
      • Candida Vulvovaginitis
        • Definitions
        • Risk Factors
        • Diagnostic Testing
        • Treatment
      • Trichomoniasis
        • Risk Factors
        • Screening
        • Prevention
        • Diagnostic Tests
        • Treatment
      • Other Causes of Vaginitis
        • Atrophic Vaginitis
        • Irritant/Allergic Vaginitis
        • Inflammatory Vaginitis
      • Recurrent UTI in Females
        • Definitions
        • Risk Factors
        • Clinical Assessment
        • Examination
        • Investigations
        • Management
      • References
    • Chapter 7: Infertility
      • Background
      • Definition
      • Etiologies
      • Assessment of Infertility
        • When to Start Infertility Investigations?
        • Assessment of Female Factor Infertility
        • Assessment of Male Factor Infertility
      • Investigations and Management
        • For Female Infertility
        • For Male Infertility
      • Referral Criteria
      • Management
      • The World Health Organization (WHO) Classifies Ovulation Disorders Into 3 Groups
      • References
    • Chapter 8: Menopause and Hormonal Replacement Therapy
      • Background
      • Definitions
      • Normal Physiology: (Figure 8.1)
      • Assessment
      • Long-term Consequences of Menopause
      • Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM)
      • Vasomotor Symptoms
      • Role of Androgen Therapy
      • Non-hormonal Therapy
      • Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
      • Key Clinical Points
      • References
  • Section 5: Psychiatry
    • Chapter 1: Sleep Disorders
      • Introduction
      • Insomnia
        • Background
        • Assessment
        • Management
          • Non-pharmacological Management
          • Pharmacological Management
      • Narcolepsy
        • Background
          • Demographics and Onset of Symptoms
          • ICSD-3 Classification
        • Assessment
          • Clinical Features (CHESS)
          • Cataplexy
          • Epworth Sleepiness Scale: a reproducible and straightforward measure of daytime sleepiness
          • The Differential of Hypersomnia
          • Diagnostic Approach
        • Management
          • Non-pharmacological
          • Pharmacological
      • Parasomnia
        • Background
        • Assessment
          • Non-REM Parasomnia
          • REM Parasomnia
          • Normal Variant
        • Management
      • Obstructive Sleep Apnea
        • Background
          • Demographics
          • Risk Factors
          • The Differential Diagnosis for Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS)
        • Assessment
          • History
          • Screening Questionnaires
          • Physical Exam
          • Diagnosis
        • Management
      • Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)/Willis-Ekbom Disease
        • Background
        • Assessment
          • Essential Diagnostic Criteria of RLS (all must be met)
          • Clinical Course of RLS
          • Clinical Significance of RLS
          • Differential Diagnosis
          • RLS Phenotypes
          • RLS Morbidity
        • Management
          • Work Up
          • Behavioral Management
          • Pharmacologic Management
      • References
    • Chapter 2: Depression
      • Background
      • Secondary Depression
      • Screening
        • Whom to Screen
        • When to Screen
        • How to Screen
      • Diagnosis
        • DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria for Major Depressive Disorder
        • Red Flags for Depression
        • Common Presentations/Somatic Manifestations
        • Differential Diagnosis
      • Treatment
        • Goals of Treatment
        • Developing a Treatment Plan, Establishing, and Maintaining a Therapeutic Alliance
        • Introducing the Collaborative Care Model
        • Effective Clinical Management
        • Treatment Modalities
        • Phases of treatment
        • Switching between Drugs and Classes
        • When to Refer to Behavioral Health
      • Depression in Children and Adolescents
        • Epidemiology
        • Risk Factors
        • Screening
        • Diagnosis
        • Assessment
        • Differential Diagnosis
        • Treatment
      • Antenatal Depression
        • Epidemiology
        • Risk Factors
        • Screening
        • Diagnosis
        • Assessment
        • Treatment
        • Mild to Moderate Antenatal Depression
        • Severe Antenatal Depression
      • Postpartum Blues
        • Onset
        • Epidemiology
        • Risk Factors
        • Diagnosis
        • Management
      • Postpartum Depression
        • Epidemiology
        • Onset
        • Risk Factors
        • Pathogenesis
        • Screening
        • Diagnosis
        • Assessment
        • Differential Diagnosis
        • Treatment
      • Postpartum Psychosis
        • Epidemiology
        • Etiology
        • Onset
        • Screening
        • Presentation/Diagnosis
        • Treatment
      • References
    • Chapter 3: Anxiety Disorders
      • Background
      • Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
        • Background
        • Assessment
        • Investigations
        • Management
      • Panic Disorder
        • Introduction
        • Assessment:
        • Investigations
        • Management
      • Specific Phobia
        • Introduction
        • Assessment
        • Management
      • Agoraphobia
        • Introduction
        • Assessment
        • Management
      • Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)
        • Introduction
        • Assessment
        • Management
      • Separation Anxiety Disorder
        • Background
        • Assessment
        • Management
      • Selective Mutism
        • Background
        • Assessment
        • Management
      • References
    • Chapter 4: Acute Stress Disorder
      • Definition
      • Symptoms
      • Epidemiology
      • Diagnosis
      • Mnemonic
      • Assessment
      • Posttraumatic Atress Sisorders Risk Factors
      • Treatment
        • Psychotherapy
        • Pharmacotherapy
        • Monitoring and Referral
      • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
        • Background
        • Pathophysiology
        • Symptoms
        • Initial Questions to Screen for OCD
        • Diagnosis
        • Differential Diagnosis
        • Obsessive-Compulsive–Related Disorders
        • Treatment
          • Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy CBT
          • Pharmacotherapy
      • Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
        • Background
        • Risk Factors
        • Assessment
          • Screening
          • Diagnostic Criteria for PTSD in Persons Older Than Six Years
      • Management
      • References
    • Chapter 5: Other Psychological Conditions
      • Bipolar Disorder
        • Background
        • Assessment
        • Differential Diagnosis
        • Investigations
        • Management
      • Intimate-Partner Violence
        • Background
        • Risk Factors
        • Epidemiology
        • Screening
        • Assessment
        • Investigations
        • Management
      • Schizophrenia
        • Background
        • Epidemiology
        • Etiology and Risk Factors
        • Signs and Symptoms
        • Diagnosis
        • Differential Diagnosis
        • Treatment
        • Clinical Course and Prognosis
      • Sexual Abuse
        • Background
        • Screening
        • Assessment
        • Investigations
        • Management
      • Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD)
        • Background
        • Epidemiology
        • Predisposing Factors
        • Etiology
        • Diagnosis
        • Differential Diagnosis
        • Screening
        • Management
        • Treatment
        • Prognosis
      • Personality Disorders
        • Background
        • Differential Diagnosis
        • Assessment
        • Cluster A
        • Cluster B
        • Cluster C
        • Investigations
        • Management
      • References
  • Section 6: Geriatric & Palliative Care
    • Chapter 1: Palliative Care
      • Background
      • Pain
      • Constipation
      • Dyspnea
      • Nausea/Vomiting
      • Depression (Psychosocial)
      • Spirituality
      • Social Issues in Palliative Care
      • Emotional Care in Palliative Medecine
      • References
    • Chapter 2: Common Geriatric Problems
      • Delirium
      • Elder Abuse
      • Parkinson's Disease and Other Tremor Diseases
      • Parkinson's Disease
      • Polypharmacy
      • Major Depressive Disorder in Older Adults
      • Falls in the Elderly
      • Urinary Incontinence (UI)
      • References
    • Chapter 3: Dementia & Alzheimer’s Disease
      • Dementia
      • References
  • Section 7: Dermatology
    • Chapter 1: Primary vs Secondary Skin Lesions
      • Primary Skin Lesions
        • Macules
        • Papules
        • Nodules
        • Plaques
        • Vesicles
        • Bullae
        • Comedones
        • Hives
      • Secondary Skin Lesions
        • Pustules
        • Scales
        • Crust
        • Erosions
        • Scars
        • Fissures
        • Ulcers
        • Petechiae
        • Purpura
        • Telangiectasias
        • Cysts
    • Chapter 2: Skin Cancer
      • Types of Skin Cancer
        • Non-melanoma or Keratinocytes Carcinoma
          • Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
          • Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SSC)
        • Melanoma
          • Clinical Assessment
          • Diagnosis
          • Treatment
          • Types of Melanomas
            • Melanoma in Situ
            • Superficial Spreading Melanoma
            • Nodular Melanoma
            • Lentigo Maligna Melanoma
            • Amelanotic Melanoma
            • Acral Lentiginous Melanoma
            • Subungual Melanoma
      • Bowen’s Disease
        • Clinical Assessment
        • Diagnosis
        • Treatment
      • Keratoacanthoma
        • Clinical Presentation
        • Risk Factors
        • Diagnosis
        • Treatment
      • Follow Up for Skin Malignancies 
      • Biopsy Considerations
      • References
    • Chapter 3: Hair Disorders
      • Hypertrichosis (Too Much Hair)
      • Hirsutism (Hair in the Wrong Spot)
        • Clinical Assessment
        • Treatment
      • Androgenetic Alopecia
        • Pathophysiology
        • Epidemiology
        • Treatment
      • Telogen Effluvium
        • Pathophysiology
        • Clinical Assessment
        • Investigations
        • Treatment
      • Anagen Effluvium
        • Pathophysiology
        • Treatment
      • Alopecia Areata
        • Clinical Assessment
        • Types
        • Diagnosis
        • Treatment
      • Scarring (Cicatricial Alopecia)
        • Etiology
        • Investigations
        • Treatment
      • Trichotillomania
        • Diagnosis
        • Differential Diagnosis
      • Hair Disorders in Children
      • Pediculosis (Lice)
        • Clinical Presentation
        • Diagnosis
        • Treatment
      • Cradle Cap
        • Clinical Presentation
        • Treatment
      • References
    • Chapter 4: Nail Disorders
      • Background
      • Paronychia (Acute and Chronic Paronychia)‎
        • Acute Paronychia
        • Chronic Paronychia
      • Onychomycosis
        • Risk Factors
        • Diagnosis
        • Differential Diagnosis
        • Clinical Presentation
        • Treatment
      • Onycholysis
      • Subungual Hematoma
      • Longitudinal Melanonychia
      • Ingrown Toenails
        • Causes
        • Treatment
        • Indications for a Surgical Avulsion
        • Nail Avulsion Procedure
      • Onychogryphosis
        • Treatment
      • Brittle Nail Syndrome
        • Diagnosis
        • Approach Considerations
        • Laboratory Studies
        • Treatment
      • References
    • Chapter 5: Herpes Simplex
      • Herpes Libialis
        • Pathophysiology
        • Clinical Presentation
        • Diagnosis
        • Treatment
      • Genital Herpes
        • Clinical Presentation
        • Diagnosis
        • Treatment
        • Complications of Genital Herpes
      • Herpetic Whitlow
      • Herpetic Sycosis
      • Herpes Simplex Keratitis
      • Herpes Zoster
        • Clinical Presentation
        • Diagnosis
        • Treatment
        • Complications
        • Prevention
      • Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus
        • Clinical Presentation
        • Complications of Herpes Zoster
      • Eczema Herpeticum
        • Clinical Presentation
        • Diagnosis
        • Treatment
      • References
    • Chapter 6: Tinea Infections
      • Tinea Capitis and Kerion
        • Clinical Presentation
        • Symptoms
        • Diagnosis
        • Differential Diagnosis
        • Treatment
      • Tinea Corporis
        • Clinical Presentation
        • Diagnosis
        • Differential Diagnosis
        • Treatment
      • Pityriasis Versicolor (Previously Known As Tinea Versicolor)
        • Clinical Presentation
        • Diagnosis
        • Differential Diagnosis
        • Treatment
      • Tinea Cruris
        • Clinical Presentation
        • Diagnosis
        • Differential Diagnosis
        • Treatment
      • Tinea Pedis
        • Clinical Presentation
        • Diagnosis
        • Differential Diagnosis
        • Treatment
      • Tinea Unguium (Onychomycosis)
        • Clinical Presentation
        • Diagnosis
        • Differential Diagnosis
        • Treatment
      • Tinea Incognito
      • Intertriginous Candidiasis
        • Clinical Presentation
        • Treatment
      • Erythrasma
        • Clinical Presentation
        • Differential Diagnosis
        • Investigations
        • Treatment
      • References
    • Chapter 7: Common Dermatological Conditions
      • Acne Vulgaris
        • Clinical Characteristics
        • Differential Diagnosis
        • Diagnosis
        • Management
        • Recommendations for Topical Therapies
        • Recommendations for Systemic Antibiotics
        • Recommendations for Isotretinoin
      • Rosacea
        • Clinical Features
        • Pathophysiology
        • Epidemiology
        • Differential Diagnosis
        • Management
      • Atopic Dermatitis
        • Presentation
        • Clinical Manifestations
        • Diagnosis
        • Management
      • Contact Dermatitis
        • Presentation
        • Diagnosis
        • Management
      • Seborrheic Dermatitis
        • Presentation
        • Diagnosis
        • Management
      • Lichen Planus
        • Presentation
        • Clinical Features
        • Investigations
        • Management
      • Cutaneous Warts
        • Diagnosis
        • Management
        • Treatment Modalities
      • Folliculitis
        • Presentation
        • Folliculitis
        • Furuncle (boil)
        • Carbuncle
        • Etiology
        • Diagnosis
        • Management
      • References
    • Chapter 8: Acute Allergic Reaction
      • Anaphylaxis and Anaphylactic Reaction
        • Clinical Features
        • Etiology
        • New Updates
        • Diagnostic Criteria of Anaphylaxis
        • Diagnostic Lab Testing
        • Triggers
        • Management
        • Biphasic Reaction
        • Anaphylaxis Action Plan
      • Angioedema and Urticaria
        • Angioedema
        • Urticaria
        • Pathophysiology
        • Causes of Urticaria
        • Diagnosis
        • Laboratory Tests
        • Treatment
      • References
    • Chapter 9: Skin Rashes in Systemic Disease and Diabetic Skin Manifestations
  • Section 8: Surgery
    • Chapter 1: Peripheral Arterial Disease
      • Background
      • Etiology
      • Risk factors for the development of PAD (Table 1.1)
      • Clinical Presentation
      • Physical Examination
      • Management
      • Acute Limb Ischemia
      • Arterioarterial Emboli: The Blue Toe Syndrome
      • Aortic Diseases
      • Superficial Vein Thrombosis and Phlebitis of the Lower Extremity
      • References
    • Chapter 2: Breast Masses
      • Epidemiology
      • Assessment
      • Breast Cancer Screening
      • References
    • Chapter 3: Head Injuries
      • Background
      • Pathophysiology
      • Assessment
      • Investigations
      • Types of Brain Injuries
      • References
    • Chapter 4: Abdominal Pain
      • Chronic Constipation
      • Chronic Diarrhea
      • Irritable Bowel Syndrome
      • Celiac Disease
      • Inflammatory Bowel Disease
      • Chronic Pancreatitis
      • References
    • Chapter 5: Anorectal and Colorectal Disease
      • Diverticular Disease
      • Anorectal Disease
      • Hemorrhoids
      • Anal Fissure
      • Proctalgia Fugax
      • Perianal Hematoma
      • Perianal Abscess
      • Perianal Warts (Condyloma)
      • Fecal Incontinence
      • Pilonidal Disease
      • References
    • Chapter 6: Urology and Genital Disorders
      • Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
      • Acute Bacterial Prostatitis
      • Prostate Cancer Screening
      • Prostate Cancer
      • Genitourinary Disorders in Primary Care
      • Hydroceles
      • Hernias
      • Hypospadias
      • Circumcision
      • Urolithiasis
      • Male Hypogonadism
      • References
  • Section 9: Opthalmology
    • Chapter 1: Vision Loss
      • Background
      • Definitions
      • Media Problems
        • Keratitis
        • Corneal Abrasion
        • Hyphema
        • Cataracts
        • Glaucoma
        • Vitreous Hemorrhage
        • Endophthalmitis
      • Retinal Problems
        • Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO)
        • Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)
        • Retinal Detachment
        • Acute Maculopathy
        • Retinoblastoma
        • Retinitis Pigmentosa
        • Vitreous Detachment
        • Macular Degeneration
      • Neural Visual Pathway Problems
        • Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
        • Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA)
        • Optic Neuritis
        • Acute Transient Visual Loss (Amaurosis Fugax)
      • References
    • Chapter 2: Red Eye in Children
      • Neonatal Conjunctivitis
        • Differential Diagnosis
          • Chemical Conjunctivitis
          • Bacterial Conjunctivitis
          • Gonorrheal Infection
          • Chlamydial Infection
          • Viral Conjunctivitis
      • Trachoma
      • Periorbital / Orbital Cellulitis
      • References
    • Chapter 3: Eye Conditions in Children
      • Amblyopia (Lazy eyes)
      • Strabismus
      • Pseudostrabismus
      • Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction
      • References
    • Chapter 4: Red Eye in Adults
      • Conjunctivitis
        • Bacterial
        • Viral
        • Allergic
        • Chlamydia Trachomatis
      • Sclera
        • Scleritis
        • Episcleritis
      • Uveitis (Anterior Uveitis/Iritis)
      • Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma
      • Viral Keratitis
        • Herpes Simplex
        • Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus
      • Chemical Eye Injury
      • Symblepharon
      • Photokeratitis (Ultraviolet Keratitis)
      • Summary Table
    • Chapter 5: Eyelid and Lacrimal Disorders
      • Hordeolum (Stye)
      • Chalazion
      • Blepharitis
      • Dacryocystitis
      • Dacryoadenitis
    • Chapter 6: Refractive Disorders
      • Anatomy of the Eye
      • Background
      • Definitions
        • Emmetropia (Normal Refraction)
        • Ametropia
        • Myopia (Nearsightedness)
        • Hyperopia (Farsightedness)
        • Astigmatism (Lack of Pinpoint)
        • Presbyopia (Aging Sight)
      • Management of Refractive Errors
  • Section 10: ENT
    • Chapter 1: Rhinitis
      • Allergic vs. Chronic Non-allergic Rhinitis
      • Rhinitis Medicamentosa
      • Rhinosinusitis
      • References
    • Chapter 2: Deafness and Hearing Loss
      • Prevalence and Screening in Saudi Arabia
      • Deafness in Children
      • Patient Hearing Assessment and Analysis
      • References
    • Chapter 3: Children’s Ear, Nose, Throat, Face and Oral Cavity
      • Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate
      • Facial Deformity
      • Nasal disorders
      • Ear Deformities
      • References
    • Chapter 4: Bell’s Palsy
      • Background
      • Epidemiology
      • Pathogenesis
      • Differential Diagnosis
      • Assessment
      • Management
      • Follow-up
      • References
    • Chapter 5: Dizzines
      • Background
      • Presentation
      • Initial Assessment / History 
      • Physical Examination
      • Investigations
      • Peripheral Etiologies
      • Central etiologies
      • Management
      • References
    • Chapter 6: Ear Pain
      • Background
      • Perichondritis
      • Otitis Externa
      • Otitis Media
      • References
  • Section 11: Orthopedics
    • Chapter 1 :The Preparticipation Physical Examination
      • Background
      • Concussion
    • Chapter 2: General Approach to Musculoskeletal Cases
      • Physical Examination
      • Principles of Imaging
      • Principles of Fracture Care
      • Physical Therapy Prescription
      • Ultrasound in Sports Medicine
      • References
    • Chapter 3: Shoulder Pathologies
      • Rotator Cuff Diseases and Impingement Syndrome
      • Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)
      • Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint Pathology
      • Glenohumeral Dislocations
      • Labral Lesions
      • Sternoclavicular Injuries
      • Myofascial Pain Syndrome (Trigger Points)
      • Shoulder Fractures
      • Scapula Fractures
      • Humeral Fractures
      • References
    • Chapter 4: Elbow, and Forearm Pathologies
      • Elbow Tendinosis
      • Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
      • Olecranon Bursitis
      • Distal Biceps Avulsion
      • Elbow Fractures
      • Elbow Dislocation
      • References
    • Chapter 5: Hand and Wrist Pathologies
      • Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
      • De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis
      • Scapholunate Sprains
      • Raynaud's Phenomenon
      • Raynaud's Syndrome
      • Chilblains (Pernio)
      • Ganglion Cysts
      • Common Finger Ligamentous and Tendon Injuries
      • Common Hand and Wrist Fractures
      • Common Ulnar Fractures
      • Fingertip Injuries
      • References
    • Chapter 6: Spine Pathologies
      • Cervical Radiculopathy
      • Cervical or Lumbar Strain/Sprain
      • Whiplash Injury
      • Cervical Myelopathy
      • Torticollis
      • Spinal Disc Herniation
      • Degenerative Disc Disease
      • Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
      • Cauda Equina Syndrome
      • Vertebral Compression Fracture
      • Rib Fractures
      • Costochondritis
      • Acute Osteomyelitis
      • References
    • Chapter 7: Hip and Thigh Pathologies
      • Hip Osteoarthritis
      • Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome
      • Iliotibial Band (ITB) syndrome
      • Snapping Hip Syndrome
      • Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction
      • Hip Fractures
      • Pelvic Ring Fracture
      • Hip Dislocation
      • Femoral Shaft Fracture
      • References
    • Chapter 8: Knee and Tibial Pathologies
      • Knee Osteoarthritis (OA)
      • Meniscal Tears
      • Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Tear
      • Collateral Ligament Injuries
      • Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS)
      • Bursitis
      • Quadriceps and Patellar Tendon Injuries
      • Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (MTSS) and Tibial Stress Fracture
      • Compartment Syndrome
      • Nocturnal Leg Cramps
      • Fractures Around the Knee Joint
      • References
    • Chapter 9: Foot and Ankle Pathologies
      • Ankle Sprains
      • Charcot Foot
      • Achilles Tendon Rupture
  • Section 12: Urgent Care
    • Chapter 1: Trauma
      • Background and Epidemiology
      • Assessment
        • Primary Survey
        • Secondary Survey
      • References
    • Chapter 2: Status Epilepticus
      • Background
      • Complications
      • Treatment of Status Epilepticus
      • Anticonvulsant Drugs
      • Refractory Status Epilepticus
      • References
    • Chapter 3: Hypertensive Emergencies
      • Background and Epidemiology
      • Assessment
        • History and Physical Examination
        • Target Organ Injury
        • Sympathetic Crisis and Severe Hypertension
      • Investigations
      • Treatment
        • Aortic Dissection
        • Acute Hypertensive Pulmonary Edema
        • Acute Myocardial Infarction
        • Acute Sympathetic Crisis
        • Acute Renal Failure
        • Neurologic Emergencies
      • Severe Asymptomatic Hypertension (Hypertensive Urgency)
        • Disposition and Follow-up of Asymptomatic Severe Hypertension
        • Indications for Hospitalization
      • References
    • Chapter 4: Toxicology
      • Pathophysiology
      • Clinical Features
      • Diagnosis and Differentials
      • General Approach
      • Specific Overdoses
      • References
    • Chapter 5: Diabetic Ketoacidosis
      • Background
      • Pathophysiology
      • Precipitating Factors
      • Clinical Features
      • Diagnosis
      • Differential Diagnosis
      • Laboratory Testing
      • Treatment
      • Disease Complications
      • Disposition and Follow-up
      • References
    • Chapter 6: Obstetric Emergencies
      • Emergencies Before 20 Weeks of Gestation
        • Miscarriage
          • Background
          • Key Diagnostic Elements
          • Classification of Miscarriage
      • Emergencies After 20 Weeks of Gestation
        • Placenta Previa
          • Background
          • Key Diagnostic Elements
      • Complicated Delivery and Postpartum Complications
        • Breech Delivery
          • Background
          • Risk Factors
          • Diagnostic Considerations
      • References
  • Section 13: Non Clinical Core Curriculum
    • Chapter 1: Communicating with our Patients - Principles of Consultation
      • Introduction
        • Definition of the Consultation
        • Background to Consultation Models
        • Individual Consultation Models
          • Pendleton: The tasks of the consultation and cycle of care (1984, 2003)
          • Neighbour: The inner consultation (1987)
          • The Calgary-Cambridge Observation
        • Valuable Skills in Consulting
        • Conclusion
        • References
    • Chapter 2: Mastering the Consultation, the COT (Consultation Observation Tool)
      • Background
        • Patient-Centeredness
      • The COT Criteria
        • I: Exploring Patients Reasons for Attendance
          • C1: The doctor is seen to encourage the patient's contribution at appropriate points in the consultation.
          • C2: The doctor is seen to respond to signals (cues) that lead to a deeper understanding of the problem.
          • C3: The doctor uses appropriate psychological and social information to place the complaint in context.
          • C4: The doctor explores the patient's health understanding.
        • II: Clinical History
          • C5: The doctor obtains sufficient information to include or exclude likely relevant significant medical conditions.
        • III: Examination
          • C6: The physical/mental examination chosen is likely to confirm or disprove the hypothesis that could reasonably have been formed or are designed to address the patient's concern.
        • IV: Making a Diagnosis/Explaining the Diagnosis/Negotiating a Management Plan
          • C7: The doctor appears to make a clinically appropriate working diagnosis.
          • C8: The doctor explains the problem or diagnosis in the appropriate language.
          • C10:  The management plan is appropriate for the working diagnosis, reflecting a good understanding of modern medical practice.
          • C11: The patient is given an opportunity to be involved in significant management decisions.
        • V: Checking Understanding
          • C9: The doctor seeks to confirm the patient's understanding of the diagnosis.
          • C12: In prescribing, the doctor takes steps to enhance concordance by exploring and responding to the patient's understanding of the treatment.
        • VI: Safety Netting/Follow-up
          • C13: The doctor specifies the conditions and intervals for follow-up or review.
      • Summary of Performance Criteria and Key Points
      • References
    • Chapter 3: Breaking Bad News
      • Background
      • Bad News Definition
      • Why is Breaking Bad News so Difficult?
      • Breaking Bad News Models
        • SPIKES: A Six-step Strategy
      • Breaking Bad News Remotely
      • References
    • Chapter 4: Medical Records and Written Referrals
      • Introduction
      • Definition of a Medical Record
      • Why are Medical Records Important?
      • Types of Medical Records
      • Components of Good Clinical Record
      • Referrals
      • References
    • Chapter 5: Handoff  and Verbal Referrals: SBAR Technique
      • Background
      • Importance of Effective Team Communication
      • Factors of Effective Communication Within the Healthcare Team
      • Barriers to Effective Communication
      • Communication Strategies: SBAR
      • References
    • Chapter 6: Clinical Audit
      • Background
      • Definition of Audit
      • Importance of Clinical Audit
      • Steps of Clinical Audit
        • Step 1: Preparing for the Audit
        • Step 2: Selecting Audit Review Criteria
        • Step 3: Measuring Levels of Performance
        • Step 4: Making Improvements
        • Step 5: Improvements Sustained Over Time
      • Summary of Elements of Effective Clinical Audit
      • References
    • Chapter 7: Clinical Data - How to Analyze
      • Importance of Data
      • Examples of Healthcare Data Sources
      • Which Data Do We Need?
      • Process Measures
      • Balancing Measures
      • Outcome Measures
      • Types of Data
        • Quantitative Data
          • Run Charts
          • Control Charts
        • Qualitative Data
      • References
    • Chapter 8: Quality Improvement
      • Background
      • Definitions
      • Domains of Quality in Healthcare
      • Quality Tools
      • References
    • Chapter 9: How to Develop Quality Improvement Project
      • Background
      • Reflection and Sharing
      • Persevere Through Problems
      • Engaged Team
      • Strategy
      • Groundwork
      • Engage Key Stakeholders
      • PDSA
      • References
    • Chapter 10: Clinical leadership and Organizational Culture
      • Introduction
      • Management vs. Leadership
        • Stephen Covey’s Perspective on Management and Leadership
      • Clinical Leadership: I, we, and it
        • The Clinical Leadership, The I
        • The Clinical Leadership, The We
        • The Clinical Leadership, The It
      • Organizational Culture
        • The Visible and Touchable Components
        • The Ways of Thinking Components
        • The Assumptions Components
      • How To Lead When You Are Not The Leader?
      • References
    • Chapter 11: Feedback
      • Introduction
      • Models for Constructive Feedback
        • Feedback Model: Feedback Sandwich
        • Feedback Model: Pendleton
        • Feedback Model: Reflective Conversation
      • Summary
      • References
    • Chapter 13: Clinical Governance and Patient Safety
      • What is Patient Safety? Is it Different From QI?
      • International Patient Safety Goals (IPSG)
      • Why Does Patient Harm Happen or Occur?
      • Burden of Patient Safety/Harm
      • General Principles
      • Concepts of The Just Culture
      • The Risk of Harm Areas
      • Adverse Events
        • Adverse Drug Events
      • Medical Error
      • Near Miss or Close Calls
      • Preventable Events
      • Ameliorable Adverse Events
      • Level of Harm Evaluation
      • Hospital Events
      • Frequency and Outcomes of Adverse Events
      • Safety Event Categories
      • Barriers to Reporting
      • Conclusion
      • References
    • Chapter 12: Complaints
      • Introduction
      • Reasons of Patients Complain
      • Managing Patient Complaints
      • Preventing Complaints
      • Physician Experience
      • References
    • Chapter 14: Significant Event Audits
    • Chapter 15: Medical Ethics in Clinical Practice
    • Chapter 16: Reflection in Medicine
    • Chapter 17: A Doctor’s Professional Relationship and Duty
    • Chapter 18: Professionalism in Practice
    • Chapter 19: Conflict in the Medical Workplace
    • Chapter 20: Emotional Intelligence (EQ)
    • Chapter 21: Physician Burnout
    • Chapter 22: Managing Uncertainty in Primary Care
    • Chapter 23: Evidence-Based Medicine and Medical Statistics
    • Chapter 24: How to Read a Paper?
    • Chapter 25: Time Management
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